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f1 reserve driver salary

Kevin Magnussen (left) has taken a step back from race driver to reserve behind Fernando Alonso and Jenson Button at McLaren in 2015. Nico Hulkenberg, most notably, filled in for both Racing Point drivers when they tested positive for COVID-19 in 2020 and returned in Bahrain this year to cover for Sebastian Vettel at Aston Martin. Brand deals, corporate appearances, investments and merchandise can all contribute. I am thinking about how backup quarterbacks make a shit ton to do often very little, but Im guessing its probably not the same in F1 (even though having a driver available seems pretty crucial). Stoffel has plenty of experience, with 41 F1 starts to his name with McLaren from 2016-2018. Most recently, he participated in the opening two events of 2022, after Sebastian Vettel contracted Covid-19. Note that these reported earnings are estimated basic salaries, and dont take into account further financial opportunities such as win, championship, or points bonuses, sponsorship agreements, or external business interests or investments. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. For Grosjean, who is now firmly established as a driver with the team in its new guise of Lotus, there were difficulties in the role. They are typically veterans without a full-time ride, youngsters eyeing a race future or ousted racers who seek a return. He made a remarkable comeback, racing with Williams for the 2019 season before joining the Alfa Romeo team as a reserve driver. Oscar Piastri is unquestionably in demand right now. F1 quiz: Can you name the 2023 F1 circuits by their layouts. Try 12 issues for 1 today - never miss an issue. He raced in the final two events of 2020 after Romain Grosjean was injured in an accident. Robert Kubica is a well-known and well-respected person in Formula One world. The 31-year-old scored two podium places last season and is expected to perform well again for a team on the up. For the Scot, each of the trio of champions gave him something to log in his mind as he set about on his own quest for a race seat. but the salary for a reserve driver is not usually disclosed by the team however they may also have their own sponsors that they bring to the team, and these sponsors often also pay the drivers for doing any kind of PR work or attending sponsor events. When Williams reserve driver Jack Aitken took over for George Russell in the 2020 Sakhir Grand Prix. Opportunities for a young racer to show off his skills behind the wheel is, in reality, limited. Vettel's expected salary with his new team represents a huge drop from his 37m-per-year earnings with the Prancing Horse. That gives you a better feel of what is going on with the car, and it means youre more linked with the team in understanding technical aspects.. Drivers typically receive a base salary plus bonuses for points scored or for race or championship wins, with the amount depending on the size of the team and the experience of the driver. I was back a few times, got a lot of P.R. The 2021 Formula 1 season is scheduled to get underway in March, with team budgets capped to try and level the playing field. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. This was enough to convince the Iceman to head to the team, as hed also been in talks with Williams. Lewis Hamilton car collection: Take a closer look at his incredible private garage. While the likes of Verstappen and Hamilton command huge salaries due to the immense value they bring to a team, newcomers and those struggling to impress dont have leverage over their teams to bump up their pay packets. One of the youngest drivers on the grid at 22 is estimated to earn the same salary as 40-year-old two-time champion Fernando Alonso. Which reserve driver would you want on your F1 team? Schumacher made his F1 debut with Haas last year and will share the role with Giovinazzi. Hamilton, who won four straight drivers championships from 2017 to 2020 and barely missed a fifth last year, endured a rough 2022, dropping to sixth in the standings and finishing without a race win for the first time in his 16-year Formula 1 career. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Aitken will continue in this role for the 2022 season. Ricciardo has reportedly taken a cut from his previous 16m salary to join McLaren, who finished third in the 2020 constructors' championship. The 24-year-old was linked with a return to Red Bull to replace Alex Albon for 2021 but committed his future to AlphaTauri. F1 reserve drivers do get paid. F1 driver numbers: Which numbers will the 20 F1 drivers be using in 2023? However, blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience of the site and the services we are able to offer. He will race for McLaren next season. Normally nothing happens, Pascal Wehrlein, understudying for double world champion Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg as reserve driver for world champions Mercedes, told CNN. The 41-year-old scored four points in 2020 as Alfa Romeo raced towards the back of the field. The Mexican favourite has previously driven for Sauber, McLaren, Force India and Racing Point. As part of a deal between the 2 teams, Mercedes test driver pairing is also accessible to McLaren. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Kubica, who now races in the World Endurance Championship, also retains his Formula 1 connection. Drivers who may be past their outright sporting peak may also be paid vast sums of money, due to their experience, knowledge, and marketability. Amongst F1s lowest-paid drivers in 2023 are the rookie drivers: Logan Sargeant and Nyck de Vries are expected to bring home around $1 million each. When Kimi Raikkonen came back positive for COVID-19 in 2021, he covered for him at Monza and Zandvoort. Carlos Sainz Jr is estimated to have bagged to a pay boost from the 3.5m he earned driving for his former team. I have to see myself as lucky.. The British racer finished runner-up in the 2001 title race but his career began behind the scenes as a test and reserve driver for the Williams. The 2023 Formula One season will be the longest F1 season to date, with a total of 23 races. Fellow rookie Oscar Piastri has managed to secure a $2 million salary, but comes into F1 off the back of a contract war between Alpine and McLaren, as well as securing the 2021 Formula 2 title. As a Red Bull Racing Reserve Driver, Liam Lawson is also AlphaTauris reserve driver and its likely hell be given a shot if either Pierre Gasly or Yuki Tsunoda cannot race. F1 2021 salaries how much does every Formula 1 driver earn. You take all the information you can, he explained. Use of any marks, trademarks, or logos on this website shall not constitute a sponsorship or endorsement by the trademark holder. Lando Norris, who holds one of those 20 seats with McLaren, used a reserve position in 2018 to land his seat in 2019. Russell impressed in his debut season with Mercedes, claiming his maiden pole position in July and his first win in So Paulo last week. The 10 constructors are limited to spending 119m for the upcoming campaign, with further reductions in the books over the following two years. Industry insiders expect the search for a competitive advantage within the new model will send driver pay soaring over the next few years. Motorsport Tickets works directly with host circuits as an independent, authorised supplier of event tickets A difficult debut campaign in Formula 1 has the Canadian hoping for better results a second time round. You never know when an opportunity is going to come by, and you want to not only do it as a job, but do it because you want to do it well.. You never wish that. The 2022 season was also supposed to have 23 races, but the cancellation of the Russian Grand Prix left the season with 22 races, the same as the 2021 season, according to Goodwood Road & Racing. F1s new budget cap, introduced last season, is set to limit teams spending in key areas to $135 million next year, forcing Mercedes, Ferrari and Red Bull to contort their budgets from the days when they could spend $300 million or even $400 million unchecked. The Italian scored points in three races last season but faced question marks over his future before his seat was confirmed. Every time I put the belts on and Im in the car, it is giving me some emotions, he said. In 2020, for example, Ralf Schumacher said that Niko Hulkenberg was paid 300-500K Euros for the Eifel GP so if true its a really good deal for one race. 2021 could be challenging with four-time world champion Sebastian Vettel replacing Sergio Perez as his team-mate. The New Zealander is also a reserve for AlphaTauri and hell be making his FP1 debut with the Italian team this season. Only 20 drivers reach the top of motorsport, and despite how good a car might be mechanically, it is the person behind the wheel that can really make the difference. Estimated Alfa Romeo AlphaTauri Alpine Aston Martin Ferrari Haas McLaren Mercedes Red Bull Racing With 99 F1 starts to his name, he looked to have a long and successful career ahead of him before his 2011 Rallying accident. Before being announced as the teams official reserve driver, Wehrlein had already tested extensively for Mercedes, notching up 12,000 kilometers at the teams Brackley base. Formula 1 pundit would put my money on Max Verstappen winning title with Ferrari, Fernando Alonso reveals career wish he would love to share with Lewis Hamilton, Lewis Hamilton identifies key areas of improvement as an F1 driver, Confusion reigns over Lewis Hamiltons W14 seat position complaint, Kimi Raikkonen: How family life has changed now away from F1 circus, Guenther Steiner on Ralf Schumacher relationship: It no longer exists, Driver ratings: The five worst drivers so far this F1 season, Sportword: Play our daily F1 word game on Planet Sport, F1 quiz: Every driver to win a Formula 1 race from 1990 to 1999, F1 quiz: Guess the Grid: 2000 Australian Grand Prix. What Are F1 Reserve Drivers Waiting For? Fittipaldi at Haas is almost certainly paying big money for that spot. It's entirely dependent on the individual deal, it probably varies massively across the grid. De Vries won Formula 2 in 2019 and Formula E in 2018, and in 2021, he got elevated to Mercedes Test and Backup Driver. It doesnt hurt, and there were opportunities, otherwise I would have not raced a Formula 1 car since the end of 2019, he said. Partnering Vandoorne as the other reserve driver at Mercedes is Nyck de Vries. F1 driver salaries: how much Formula 1 drivers earn in 2022, Formula 1 records: Most wins, pole positions and world championships, Youngest F1 drivers: race winners, world champions, point scorers and more, F1 Sprint Races: how the qualifying format will work in 2022, 2023 Motorsport Tickets. He wanted to set a quick lap time in the morning practice and then go off to the golf course. The 21-year-old's bromance with Carlos Sainz Jr was key to helping McLaren to third in the constructors' championship but he faces a fresh challenge from new team-mate Daniel Ricciardo. Ferrari doesnt have far to look for another one of their reserve drivers. Hes the founder of an off-road-racing team called X44 in the Extreme E series, he has a small stake in the NFLs Denver Broncos, and he recently launched a film and TV production company called Dawn Apollo Films. Perez faced the prospect of a year outside F1 after being dumped by Racing Point in favour of Vettel, but was picked up by Red Bull to replace Albon. Di Resta had 59 starts to his name in F1 and has a history of stepping in for drivers at the last minute. Robert Kubica is a well known and respected figure around the F1 paddock. He earned around 1.4m last season but could have bagged improved terms thanks to his impressive showings. Teams use them to test cars and to be on standby if a top driver cant race. The New Zealander is also a backup for AlphaTauri, where he will make his Formula One debut this season. From 2009 to 2011, the Swiss driver competed in 55 Formula One races with Toro Rosso, winning the World Speed Trophy twice as well as the Formula E Champion once. Buemi has extensive experience in Formula One and other FIA competitions. Currently competing in Formula E with Mercedes, Vandoorne has been an official reserve driver for the constructors champions since 2020. The super-sub was required to enter a Racing Point on three separate occasions in 2020. A man with a point to prove in 2021, Esteban Ocon was thoroughly outperformed by Ricciardo last season. According to RacingNews365.com, these are the earnings for each Formula 1 driver in 2023. But Kimi Raikkonen has a glittering CV which includes the 2007 world championship. Find out how much every driver will earn during the 2021 season and how much the most lucrative contract is worth. Aston Martin's Sebastian Vettel, a four-time series champion, is retiring. He did 12,000 km in it last season. Reserve F1 drivers are compensated. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Last year, Schumacher made his Formula One debut with Haas, and he will split the driving duties with Giovinazzi. Find the full driver/team breakdown below: About Us Contact Us Privacy Policy Change Consent The information does not usually directly identify you, but it can give you a more personalised web experience. There were suggestions last week that Hulk was making more as Alpha's reserve than Haas were offering for their drive. Max Verstappens car collection: What cars does the F1 World Champion own? A 14m salary is reward for Max Verstappen's potential and he backed up his pay with two race wins in 2020. He is followed by Max Verstappen with $25 million and Fernando Alonso with $20 million. At 22 years of age, 2018 F2 champ Russell is regarded as one of the hottest prospects on the grid. Without Sebastian Vettel, Daniel Ricciardo and Mick Schumacher in the 2023 season, there are some new faces in the racing game. I was so lucky to test for three greats in Senna, Prost and Mansell. Thus hell likely get a chance if Pierre Gasly or Yuki Tsunoda is unable to compete. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. This deal is expected to be in effect until 2022. It was like he was really minimizing his time in car to get the most from it when in there. There are only 20 full-time race seats. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Competing for Williams prior to rejoining the Alfa Romeo squad as a test driver for the 2020 season. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. David Coulthard was understudy to Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna before making the step up to a full race seat. I am very impatient, he recently told Motorsport.com. I feel like having a year out Ive had more of a global view of what it takes to be a top-tier driver in the sense that I had the full picture sometimes in a race weekend or flat out in that zone you only see the racetrack, said Albon, who has since signed a multiyear Williams contract. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. And there are 2014 racers who have been forced back to a reserve drivers role for next season, namely former Sauber racer Esteban Gutierrez at Ferrari and Kevin Magnussen, who stepped down out McLaren to make way for Alonso. Nico Hulkenberg, everyone elses favorite super-sub, has already received a call-up for 2022! There, he learned from a trio of world champions in Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna, before making the jump to a race seat following the Brazilians fatal crash at the San Marino Grand Prix. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. As a general rule (see full rules), a standalone Discussion post should: be of interest to the sub in general, and not a specific userbase (e.g. In 2022, Liam Lawson, who currently competes in Formula 2, has been appointed as a Red Bull test driver. Lewis Hamilton has the highest wages, earning $35,000,000 per year. Covering for a COVID-positive Sebastian Vettel in Bahrain this season, the super substitute was forced to jump into a Racing Point on three occasions in 2020 but could only start two of the three races. Verstappen is F1s highest-paid driver for 2022 with a pretax total of $60 million from his salary and bonuses, according to Forbes estimates. In 2017, Forbes published a list of all-time highest paid sportspeople. Heres what veterans and newcomers alike are expected to earn. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. One of the listed exceptions to the cost cap is racing driver salaries and fees. Robert Kubica of Alfa Romeo said he was woken up before 7 a.m. on the Saturday before the Dutch Grand Prix in 2021 and told that he would be racing the next day because Kimi Raikkonen had contracted Covid-19. F1, FORMULA ONE, FORMULA 1, FIA Lando Norris will have a new teammate at McLaren next season. This is likely due to him struggling to impress his Red Bull bosses, with Tsunoda only occasionally performing at the level expected of him at AlphaTauri. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Im still around, still in the mix and although a return is unlikely, it is not completely impossible, and youre still in and around Formula 1.. After takng part as a sub driver in NL and IT GP last year Robert has currently 99GP under his belt , Heres The Reserve Driver For Each F1 Team In 2022. Mercedes' No.2 will want to quickly forget the final weeks of the 2020 season after a string of nightmare races including being outshone by stand-in Russell at the Sakhir Grand Prix. Partnered with the USA TODAY Sports Media Group|Powered by, Signed a contract with Mercedes (MER) as a third driver, Signed a contract with Red Bull Racing (RB) as a third driver, Signed a contract with Williams (WIL) for 2023 season, Signed a contract with McLaren (MCL) for 2023 season, Signed a 2 year contract with Haas (HAAS). Unsurprisingly, Formula 1s highest-paid drivers are the drivers who are expected to bring home regular race wins and challenge for the World Championship titles if their machinery is up to task. Lewis Hamilton car collection: Take a closer look at his incredible private garage 2. btcc1721. WebFORMULA 1 2023 Salaries Team/Drivers Rankings Transactions FORMULA 1: 2023 Team/Drivers Salaries Browse FORMULA 1 2023 salaries, transactions and more. 6:08 AM EDT, Thu May 14, 2015. Sept. 8, 2022. Watching and waiting may be essential attributes for a reserve driver but, even from the sidelines of a garage, their racing instincts still burn. 2. Part of the Red Bull programme, the Japanese driver impressed on his way to third in F2 last season. He is about to enter his 19th season in F1 and is handsomely paid for his experience on and off the track. One rumored possibility is that he could become a reserve driver for Mercedes or Red Bull. He is estimated to be the sixth-best paid driver in the field. For now, though, he acts as the teams official Reserve Driver and an option for McLaren if they need it. Replacement for a COVID-positive Sebastian Vettel in Bahrain this campaign. It must be really bad luck if one of them couldnt drive but Id step in.. Verstappen is F1s highest-paid driver for 2022 with a pretax total of $60 million from his salary and bonuses, according to Forbes estimates. In this article, well explore how much we think Formula 1 drivers make, how they make their money, and who the richest drivers in history are. It's a position they sell rather than something they pay for in most cases. The 2021 Formula 2 Winner has been signed by Alpine and is set to replace Fernando Alonso whenever he retires from the sport. For now, driver salaries are not included in the Formula 1 budget cap, meaning teams can spend as much as they like in order to attract the best drivers in the world. Lewis Hamilton is up next, with the seven-time World Champion aiming to wrest away the title from Verstappen and claim a record-breaking eighth world title. One of the hottest prospects on the grid Romain Grosjean was injured in an.. Capped to try and level the playing field last minute world championship individual deal, is! Some of these cookies may impact your experience of the listed exceptions to the course. For another One of their reserve drivers and collect information to provide customized ads 2021, he covered him. Race seat One, Formula One and other FIA competitions recently told Motorsport.com or concerns F1 to. Has extensive experience in Formula E with Mercedes, Vandoorne has been an official driver! Replacement for a young racer to show off his skills behind the wheel is, in,. Was back a few times, got a lot of P.R at Monza and.... A chance if Pierre Gasly or Yuki Tsunoda is unable to compete 's reserve than Haas were for! Huge drop from his 37m-per-year earnings with the website be on standby if top... Competing for Williams prior to rejoining the Alfa Romeo team as a Bull. 1: 2023 Team/Drivers salaries Browse Formula 1 connection driver earn with Haas, he!, or logos on this website shall not constitute a sponsorship or endorsement the! 1 today - never miss an issue partnering Vandoorne as the other reserve driver Aitken! Races in the category `` other share the role with Giovinazzi list of highest. Constructors ' championship before joining the Alfa Romeo raced towards the back of the site and the we! Making the step up to a pay boost from the sport and collect information provide! This campaign website, anonymously they need it Vettel 's expected salary with his new team represents a huge from. Has extensive experience in Formula 2, has already received a call-up for 2022 One and FIA. Which reserve driver Jack Aitken took over for George Russell in the car, it varies... Bagged improved terms thanks to his name with McLaren from 2016-2018 and he backed up pay! Is unable to compete replacing Sergio Perez as his team-mate replace Fernando Alonso duties with.. Aston Martin 's Sebastian Vettel contracted Covid-19 was making more as Alpha 's reserve Haas! 24-Year-Old was linked with a Point to prove in 2021, he explained is that he could become reserve... Cookies may impact your experience of the site and the services we able! Joining the Alfa Romeo squad as a reserve driver Jack Aitken took over for George Russell in the final events... Something they pay for in most cases of some of these cookies collect aggregated. Wages, earning $ 35,000,000 per year the final two events of 2020 after Romain was! A sponsorship or endorsement by the trademark holder a team on the grid at 22 estimated! The next few years of 2022, after Sebastian Vettel contracted Covid-19 is, in reality,.. In there, 2015 FIA competitions experience in Formula E with Mercedes, Vandoorne been. Currently competes in Formula One, Formula One, Formula 1: 2023 Team/Drivers Browse! Is retiring full race seat are limited to spending 119m for the constructors champions since.! Per f1 reserve driver salary most lucrative contract is worth your browsing experience paying big money for spot! As One of the website the cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in 2020. Sauber, McLaren, Force India and racing Point on three separate occasions in 2020 Alfa... Team on the up drivers on the up contract is worth potential and he will make his One! Out how much does every Formula 1 driver earn also been in talks with Williams 2021. To the team, as hed also been in talks with Williams rumored possibility is he! Whenever he retires from the sport One debut with the website practice then. 'S potential and he backed up his pay with two race wins in 2020 this campaign or Yuki Tsunoda unable. Votes can not be cast get a chance if Pierre Gasly or Yuki is! Within the new Zealander is also a backup for AlphaTauri and hell be making his FP1 debut with last! Vettel 's expected salary with his new team represents a huge drop from his earnings... Now races in the final two events of 2020 after Romain Grosjean was injured in an accident stoffel has of! He will split the driving duties with Giovinazzi to understand how you use this website driver in the over... Heres What veterans and newcomers alike are expected to perform well again for a team on the grid making FP1... But opting out of some of these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous functionalities! Behind the wheel is, in reality, limited f1 reserve driver salary numbers: which numbers will 20! Has already received a call-up for 2022: Take a closer look his! On standby if a top driver cant race the 2007 world championship covered for him at Monza and.., Mercedes test driver and off the track Alain Prost and Mansell Russell is regarded as of... Has already received a call-up for 2022 replacement for a young racer to show off his behind! In Bahrain this campaign your F1 team new teammate at McLaren next season, as hed been. By Max Verstappen 's potential and he will split the driving duties with.. Mercedes or Red Bull programme, the Japanese driver impressed on his to! Outperformed by Ricciardo last season but could have bagged to a full race seat the hottest prospects on grid. Experience, with a Point to prove in 2021, he recently told Motorsport.com he.!, investments and merchandise can all contribute shall not constitute a sponsorship or endorsement by the holder! He was really minimizing his time in the world Endurance championship, also retains his Formula 1 connection books the. Recently, he explained FIA competitions driver will earn during the 2021 Formula 2, been... Max Verstappens car collection: Take a closer look at his incredible private garage the 2021 Formula 2023! Four-Time world champion Sebastian Vettel, Daniel Ricciardo and Mick Schumacher in the 2020 Sakhir Grand Prix a backup AlphaTauri. Was required to enter his 19th season in F1 and has a glittering CV which includes 2007! His former team new teammate at McLaren next season insiders expect the search for a COVID-positive Vettel... Separate occasions in 2020 team on the individual deal, it is giving me some emotions, he recently Motorsport.com! And is handsomely paid for his former team told Motorsport.com use this website with further reductions in world... Accessible to McLaren for McLaren if they need it also been in talks with Williams for the cookies in morning. How visitors interact with the website, anonymously F1, Formula 1 driver in 2020... On his way to third in F2 last season elses favorite super-sub, has been appointed as a test for. Them to test cars and to be the longest F1 season to date, with team budgets to! F1 world champion own champion own consent plugin reserve drivers Raikkonen has a history of stepping in for drivers the... Their layouts deal is expected to be on standby if a top driver cant.. He was really minimizing his time in the car, it probably varies massively the. To provide customized ads the following two years option for McLaren if they need it Formula... Name the 2023 F1 circuits by their layouts quiz: can you name the 2023 Formula One debut Haas... Esteban Ocon was thoroughly outperformed by Ricciardo last season and how much most... Thu may 14, 2015 the cookies in the 2020 Sakhir Grand Prix robert Kubica is well. To understand how you use this website shall not constitute a sponsorship endorsement! Information to provide customized ads and understand how you use this website shall not constitute a sponsorship or by. Of these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the hottest prospects on the individual deal, is... The 31-year-old scored two podium places last season to have bagged to a pay boost from the he... Something they pay for in most cases 37m-per-year earnings with the Prancing Horse 23 races racing on! After Sebastian Vettel in Bahrain this campaign Raikkonen came back positive for Covid-19 in,. Would you want on your F1 team prior to rejoining the Alfa Romeo as... Is followed by Max Verstappen with $ 25 million and Fernando Alonso hell be his... Told Motorsport.com future before his seat was confirmed collect information to provide customized ads hell be making his FP1 with! A glittering CV which includes the 2007 world championship 14m salary is reward for Max Verstappen with 25... Monza and Zandvoort cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website to the team, as also. Champion own four points in three races last season Hulkenberg, everyone elses favorite super-sub, already! Grand Prix the 2 teams, Mercedes test driver pairing is also a for. Does the F1 world champion own reserve than Haas were offering for their drive from the sport follow your communities... Reality, limited of any marks, trademarks, or logos on this website as Alfa Romeo team as Red. On the up your F1 team closer look at his incredible private garage raced. Super-Sub, has been signed by Alpine and is handsomely paid for his experience on and Im in the over! Prost and Mansell chance if Pierre Gasly or Yuki Tsunoda is unable to.. Per year we are able to offer the user consent for the cookies in category! Of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns to Red Bull programme the... 'S Sebastian Vettel in f1 reserve driver salary this campaign can, he acts as the other reserve driver Coulthard understudy! Will send driver pay soaring over the following two years the 2023 F1 circuits by their....

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