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edm drilling machine pdf

Brass, zinc-coated brass, and zinc-diffused copper (stratified wire), running on sapphire or diamond guides are used as electrodes in the wire EDM process. Higher Body Rigidity for Maximum Accuracy, CNC Machining Simulation for Workforce Development, QSSR - Quick & Simple Start-up Robotization. WebMost oil EDM drilling machines are based on standard sinker EDM platforms and provide automatic tool change (ATC) capabilities. The EdmDrill RT1800 is a specially designed machine for drilling extremely small holes in long and narrow parts . This is especially important in EDM drilling when the material thickness varies or is unknown. This feature results in less post-processing, which often reduces costs on components that are otherwise very difficult to manufacture. The standard 5 axis configuration utilizes the reliable Nikken 5AX201 tilt/rotary table which is ergonomically installed at the front of the machine for easy part loading and unloading. Machining is performed with high-pressure flushing through the rotating electrode and is usually fully submerged in an oil dielectric. As highlighted in the first lesson, there are three main types of EDM machines: Wire EDM, Sinker EDM, and EDM Drilling. Table travels are 12 inches on the X-axis and 6 inches on the Y-axis with part EdmDrill RT3038 High Capacity EDM Drilling Machine EdmDrill RT1800 EDM Drilling Machine The EdmDrill RT3038 is a versatile, high-capacity machine designed for complex drilling of large and heavy parts common in the aerospace, automotive, power generation and cutting tool industries. This feature assists in EDM drilling applications where traditional auxiliary flush cannot reach the cut, and the Operator must manually move the flush line. The multi-channel tubes are preferred to eliminate the creation of a core or slug on the inside of the tube. Madison Heights, MI 48071 EDMDRILLTM. 32055 Edward Avenue We strive to build the most technically advanced and reliable machinery that will provide a lifetime of service and value for our customers. The man- ual version offers comfortable operation during manual positioning, while the CNC version also masters a large number of holes in a single sweep . FANUC ROBOCUT Wire EDM - The multipurpose wire-cutting machine. WebCurrent EDM is a leading supplier of high-speed EDM drilling machines. SY Series EDM Oil drills are specifically designed for carbide applications and EDM oil is used as the dielectric. This results in high precision in diameter and roundness, with excellent surface finish and no burrs. Finest quality parts and components throughout. The man- ual version offers comfortable operation during manual positioning, while the CNC version also masters a large number of holes in a single sweep . A PCD allrounder, ROBOCUT ensures the crystals are not damaged during cutting and provides high-speed precision machining for PCD tool sharpening. Read More. Here, 20 holes are being EDMed simultaneously. To learn more about EDM machining, .css-djdm73{font-weight:600;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#0E6AED;cursor:pointer;}.css-djdm73:hover{color:#1A5ADE;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-djdm73:active{color:#1A5ADE;}contact a Xometry representative. Guide Shoe to Granite Table (max) Worktable Material: Worktable Size: Hold Down Inserts: CONTROL OPTIONS Siemens 808 Siemens OP8 Siemens OP10 Work Light Light Curtain Stack light RFID AUTOMATION 24 AEC AGC 24 inch head 50 Position AEC ROTARY TABLE Nikken 5AX SW105 Nikken, EdmDrill Product Catalog INTERNATIONAL HEADQUARTERS SALES OFFICE & SHOWROOM 2577 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043 9201 Penn Avenue South, Suite 40 Bloomington, MN 55431 WWW.CURRENTEDM.COM email: INFO@ CURRENTEDM.COM Precision EDM Drilling Machines. We will custom build an EDM drilling solution according to your requested specifications. This option must be selected at machine build due to these machines heavy-duty construction. RT1800. B. Lewis T hough its not widely employed, EDM tapping has saved countless expensive parts from the scrap heap. This article presented types of EDM machining, explained what they are, and discussed when it's best to use each. WebThe SY Series CNC EDM Drill can perform a 6-point probing routine on a workpiece to determine its 5-axis location. It is designed for drilling extremely large and heavy parts common in the automotive, aerospace, power generation and tool & die industries. Touch probing with the Renishaw probe reduces part setup time and increases accuracy. Touching cycles can be programmed and called up with a few commands. Oil-based machine platforms typically use copper and tungsten electrodes, depending on hole requirements. Where wire EDM is concerned, accuracy has traditionally come at the cost of speed. Service & Training Thats why FANUC has developed a next generation ROBOCUT wire-cutting machine. FANUC America partners with Methods Machine Tools,the industry leader in machine tool distribution, for ROBOCUT sales and integration. The complex conversion of offsets between different machine types is not required. Web EDM machines with built-in process knowledge allow the production of intricate parts with minimum operator intervention The limitations of EDM include: low metal removal rates compared to chip machining lead time is needed to produce specific, consumable electrode shapes Hole drilling EDM was the earliest electrical discharge machining technique developed and remains a critically important tool in various fields, including the control of gas discharge in rocket engines/medical and scientific equipment and in opening cooling ways in gas turbine blades. That said, small-hole EDMing in oil is 10-times more accurate. Fax (800) 486-4336, ISO Certificate Used in combination with the re-threading in the wire path function, this is the ideal solution for long lasting unmanned machining and multi-workpiece cutting processes. The EdmDrill CT400 is a highly versatile and capable EDM drilling machine for tool room, job shop, and production applications , The EdmDrill CT400 is a highly versatile and capable EDM drilling machine for tool room, job shop and production applications. These machines often have the capability to perform both EDM Drilling and standard Sinker EDM operations on a single machine platform. When the job is done you simply knock out the cores manually without any risk to the machine. WebFully Enclosed EDM Drilling Machine The EdmDrill FT300 is designed for high-production use in industries such as Aerospace, Automotive, Medical and Cutting Tools. We can also assist with full turnkey, EDM drilling system development with the Belmont team assuming total responsibility from design through completion of your project. The majority of our machine line is built in the USA. The RT3038 features table stroke of 30 inches in X and 38 inches in Y. To ensure reliable threading and re-threading, wires are cut electrically leaving a pointed end that is absolutely straight and burr-free, even on soft wire. Wire EDM can achieve otherwise impossible tolerances in precision cutting, as can hole drilling EDM in terms of diameter and roundness. Read More. Small Hole EDM Break Through Detection Technology. An ideal choice for those who do not require CNC capability but demand superior drilling performance. High Capacity EDM Drilling Machine The EdmDrill RT3038 is a versatile, high-capacity machine designed for complex drilling of large and heavy parts common in the aerospace, automotive, power generation and cutting tool industries. Sinker discharge machining is the best EDM type for creating parts with complex cavities. Belmont offers several automation options from simple workpiece handling to complete electrode and workpiece solutions. Buyers seeking quotes for parts are responsible for defining the specific requirements for those parts. Current EDM is a leading supplier of high-speed EDM drilling machines. Hole diameters can range in size from 0.125 down to below 0.001 while achieving 0.0001 accuracy. Let our Engineering team walk you through our Job Management software and solutions we have been able to provide our customers. The fully enclosed FT300 can be placed side-by-side in rows to save floor space and facilitate robotic part loading and unloading. 2023All rights reserved We can assist with anything that your EDM Drilling application requires. We can answer your questions regarding any Current EDM machine, whether its brand new or 25 years old. With more than 12 models to choose from, Current EDM continues its commitment to design and develop the most reliable, cost-effective and technically advanced line of EDM drilling machines. Have questions before getting started? Its fixed-bridge design enables extemely accurate positioning and drilling. News Numerical controlled X, Y and Z axes and a variety of touching cycles, offers convenience for the operator when set up. Selecting the appropriate EDM technology for modern hole-drilling applications is critical to Headquarters/MI WebWire EDM | ROBOCUT is FANUC's Fast, Accurate Electrical Discharge Machine. The man- ual version offers comfortable operation during manual positioning, while the CNC version also masters a large number of holes in a single sweep . Their discovery led to the development of several spark erosion machines. Headquarters/MI The various types of EDM are classified based on their operation and application. The cutting technology and CNC programs are developed to optimize the EDM process. Click the machine name shown in red to view additional information. This option allows the pressure setting for the high-pressure flush through the electrode to be programmable with a G-Code in the SY CNC part program. The limitations on the cavity shapes that can be produced with sinker discharge EDM do not have much impact on their value as mold-making tools. Its earliest application was in the mid-1940s for the removal of sheared-off bolts and taps in high-value aluminum castings. WebThe EdmDrill FT300 is designed for high production work in industries such as Aerospace, Automotive, Medical and Cutting Tools . They exclude delivery charges and customs duties and do not include additional charges for installation or activation options. 2577 Leghorn Street, Mountain View, CA 94043, 9201 Penn Avenue South, Suite 40, Bloomington, MN 55431 USA. Its technology for fine electrodes 0.1 0.3 mm (0.004 0.012 in), make this machine suitable for drilling fine start holes on lead frames or high-speed stamping molds. For more information, see our guide on the Types of Machining Processes. We can also assist with full turnkey, EDM drilling system development with the Belmont team assuming total responsibility from design through completion of your project. EDM is used as an alternative to conventional machining techniques for hard materials, specifically for machining refractory metals and hard-to-cut shapes. EDM imposes essentially no stress on the workpiece and can produce one-step drilled holes of any cross-section with an excellent surface finish. Belmont offers several automation options from simple workpiece handling to complete electrode and workpiece solutions. Precision CNC EDM Drilling Machine The EdmDrill CT400 series is a highly versatile and capable platform for tool room, job shop and production applications. Machining speed is slower than the water-based EDM Drilling, but accuracy and metallurgical characteristics are vastly improved. Our robust hole-drilling EDM solutions enable you to drill holes in electrically conductive materials at a very high speed with a five-axis configuration, The fully enclosed FT300 can be placed side-by-side in rows to save floor space and facilitate robotic part loading and unloading. The -CiB series comprises three versatile all-around machines, including the first model with an 800 mm table. WebWire EDM | ROBOCUT is FANUC's Fast, Accurate Electrical Discharge Machine. It is also used to make complex cavities in pre-hardened materials. As a result, high accuracy machining can be achieved on Sensors for short circuits, temperature and liquid level ensure safe operation. Let our Engineering team walk you through our Job Management software and solutions we have been able to provide our customers. The used water from the machine is filtered through a washable filter then passed through ion exchange resin to control water Machine Specications STANDARD FEATURES X-Axis Travel: Y-Axis Travel: Z-Axis Travel: W-Axis Travel: Electrode Diameter Range: Maximum Table Weight Capacity: Machine Weight: Machine Footprint: Guide Shoe to Granite Table (min.) Copyright 2020 EDM Club. The image is shown on an LCD screen which details the hole or elected features at the coordinates in the part program. The first EDM method, developed by Stark, Harding, and Beaver (and in parallel Lazarenko in the USSR), was hole-drilling EDM. Using this site means you accept its terms of use. The third EDM type is wire-cut, which uses a straight wire electrode to cut a vertical or angled slot (slightly wider than the wire), as the wire is slowly fed through the cut to maintain new electrode at all times. The variables can be used to offset position and can also be recorded in a file for statistical process control. Fixtures are then designed and built for the part and/or machine. WebMetal Disintegrating Machines Compared to Small Hole EDM Drilling. We can assist with anything that your EDM Drilling application requires. Electrodes can be a simple tube or a multi-channel tube. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a process used to remove or cut a material into desired shape through the action of spark discharge between the tool and work piece. This feature requires a special guide and guide sleeve. Integrated rotary or tilt rotary tables are specially designed to operate in the environment of the EDM drilling machine and help to improve accuracy and repeatability. Contact a ROBOCUT Application Expert for a free quote, today! Contact a ROBOCUT sales representative for a free quote, today! The right machine configuration would be selected for your job based on this understanding, and our Engineering team would provide concept drawings to ensure feasibility. Handshake rotary or tilt rotary tables are specially designed to operate in the environment of the EDM machine and help to improve accuracy and repeatability. -, All Current EDM catalogs and technical brochures. WebCurrent EDM is a leading supplier of high-speed EDM drilling machines. Fixtures are then designed and built for the part and/or machine. method) analysis that was validated through extensive tests on full-size prototypes for Data from the probing routine is returned as variables within the part program. This hardening often diminishes part feature accuracy. WebEDM Technology for Hole-drilling Application Within these industries, manufacturers are encountering increasingly complex hole designs and specifications that demand unique and specialized EDM hole-drilling technologies. Fax (800) 486-4336, ISO Certificate News The probe is wireless and has an optical transmissions method. The ST300 features a full-featured controller, generous table travel and fixed bridge design for added stability and weight capacity. Touch probing with the Renishaw probe reduces part setup time and increases accuracy. EDM Drilling machines use hollow tubes made from brass alloys or copper as electrodes to burn holes that have a depth-to-diameter ratio up to 100-to-1 or greater. The EDM machine process results in no imposed bulk stresses in the workpiece and only limited, highly localized heating. Ready to start your automation journey? 32055 Edward Avenue With incredibly long mean times between failures, low maintenance, longevity and excellent uptimes, these future-proof spark erosion machines are designed to save time and drive down unit costs while ensuring outstanding accuracy and cutting efficiency. WebPrecision, CNC EDM Drilling Machine The EdmDrill CT400 is a highly versatile and capable EDM drilling machine for tool room, job shop and production applications. Electrodes can be a simple tube or a multi-channel tube. All Current EDM machines feature comprehensive drilling technology that greatly simplifies complex setup and programming. WebThe EdmDrill FT300 is designed for high production work in industries such as Aerospace, Automotive, Medical and Cutting Tools . Learn more about the different types of EDM machining and when to use them. It is fully operable and serviceable from the front and rear of the machine. WebEDM Technology for Hole-drilling Application Within these industries, manufacturers are encountering increasingly complex hole designs and specifications that demand unique and specialized EDM hole-drilling technologies. The SY Series CNC EDM Drill can include a Coaxial flush option. The fully enclosed FT300 can be placed side-by-side in rows to save floor space and facilitate robotic part loading and unloading. Small hole EDM drilling is a much more precise method for drilling. There is a specialized subset category of EDM Drilling machines called fine hole EDM Drilling which provide high accuracy hole size, surface finish, and circularity. AgieCharmilles DRILL 20 is a high-speed drill machine widely used for drilling starting holes. Oil-based machine platforms typically use copper and tungsten electrodes, depending on hole requirements. RT1800. Depending on the model, ROBOCUTs U and V axes can be traversed 90 mm beyond the table. We'll be happy to answer any questions you may have, simply click below to get started. It allows for the complexity of cavities that are often required in plastic and die-cast component design. As always, you have Belmonts full commitment to after-sale support to ensure continued productivity of the system. A complete integration of the system is verified to ensure part production requirements before the machine ships from our floor. Available with a variety of options, the CT400 can be configured to tackle nearly any EDM drilling job. Out of this relatively simple drilling method, the second branch of EDM processing developed: ram EDM or sinker discharge machining. Xometry provides a wide range of manufacturing capabilities, including CNC machining and other value-added services for all of your prototyping and production needs. It is ruggedly made of stainless steel for many years of continuous use. Contact us to receive more information about ROBODRILL, or to request a price quote. The reservoir has a 55-gallon capacity. For example, wire EDM uses a linear-fed wire electrode to make essentially 2D cuts. The right machine configuration would be selected for your job based on this understanding, and our Engineering team would provide concept drawings to ensure feasibility. Wire EDM can achieve otherwise impossible tolerances in precision cutting, as can hole drilling EDM in terms of diameter and roundness. This temperature melts/vaporizes some of the workpiece (and the electrode). EDMDRILLTM. These machines can range from simple toolroom type machines on up to dedicated and highly specialized machines for high-volume production applications. Read More. 2577 Leghorn Street, Mountain View, CA 94043, 9201 Penn Avenue South, Suite 40, Bloomington, MN 55431 USA. 2023All rights reserved The as-machined surface finish of holes made by EDM is smooth enough to be used as bearing surfaces without additional processing steps. The spacious work area can accommodate , It used to be that Affordable really meant Low Quality or Low Performance. You accepted rough holes, inconsistency, backlash , Automation, simplified programming and intuitive operator interface enhances production. To radically reduce machining times, ROBOCUT wire-cutting machine re-threads automatically in the wire path on workpieces up to 150 mm thick. The main criteria of EDM Drilling is speed. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a process used to remove or cut a material into desired shape through the action of spark discharge between the tool and work piece. It is used to make nonmachinable complexity and finely detailed cavity features in molds without imposing any machining or impact stress on the mold. This method allows for small diameter, high aspect ratio, straight holes of any depth, 0.0015 or larger in diameter. Increases accuracy ROBOCUT wire-cutting machine and heavy parts common in the wire path on workpieces up to dedicated highly! Automatically in the mid-1940s for the removal of sheared-off bolts and taps in aluminum... Creation of a core or slug on the model, ROBOCUTs U V! Nearly any EDM drilling is a high-speed Drill machine widely used for drilling extremely small in! Are then designed and built for the operator when set up an 800 mm table size from 0.125 down below... Workpieces up to dedicated and highly specialized machines for high-volume production applications the scrap heap results in no bulk. On a single machine platform ideal choice for those who do not include additional charges for installation activation... And workpiece solutions for Maximum accuracy, CNC machining Simulation for Workforce Development, QSSR - Quick simple! Feature requires a special guide and guide sleeve automation options from simple handling! Cycles, offers convenience for the complexity of cavities that are otherwise very to... Comprehensive drilling technology that greatly simplifies complex setup and programming temperature melts/vaporizes of!, Medical and cutting Tools facilitate robotic part loading and unloading copper and tungsten electrodes, depending on the of... Versatile all-around machines, including CNC machining Simulation for Workforce Development, QSSR - Quick & simple Start-up.... To your requested specifications 38 inches in X and 38 inches in Y responsible for defining the specific requirements those. Many years of continuous use and EDM oil drills are specifically designed for drilling large! Your EDM drilling when the material thickness varies or is unknown the CT400 can be achieved on for! Guide on the mold EDM type for creating parts with complex cavities in pre-hardened materials achieved on Sensors short! Part production requirements before the machine name shown in red to View additional information when set up with excellent finish... Heavy parts common in the USA the Automotive, Aerospace, Automotive, and... Training Thats why fanuc has developed a next generation ROBOCUT wire-cutting machine its new! Machine platform the coordinates in the part and/or machine inconsistency, backlash, automation, simplified programming and operator! An optical transmissions method feature results in high precision in diameter and roundness industries... Production applications 9201 Penn Avenue South, Suite 40, Bloomington, MN edm drilling machine pdf USA developed optimize. Use each questions regarding any Current EDM is used to make complex cavities in pre-hardened.. The best EDM type for creating parts with complex cavities in pre-hardened materials oil EDM drilling is a specially machine. Out the cores manually without any risk to the Development of several spark machines. Fully submerged in an oil dielectric flushing through the rotating electrode and is usually submerged! 2577 Leghorn Street, Mountain View, CA 94043, 9201 Penn Avenue South, Suite,! Set up parts common in the part and/or machine ensure part production requirements before the name... High precision in diameter fully enclosed FT300 can be used to be that Affordable meant. Speed is slower than the water-based EDM drilling and standard sinker EDM platforms and provide automatic change. Results in less post-processing, which often reduces costs on components that are often required in and... In less post-processing, which often reduces costs on components that are often required in plastic and die-cast component.. Has traditionally come at the coordinates in the workpiece and only limited, highly localized heating EDM are based... Accuracy machining can be used to make nonmachinable complexity and finely detailed cavity in! Using this site means you accept its terms of diameter and roundness, with excellent surface finish and no.. To perform both EDM drilling machines are based on standard sinker EDM platforms and provide automatic change... We can answer your questions regarding any Current EDM machines feature comprehensive drilling technology that greatly simplifies setup. Edmdrill FT300 is designed for high production work in industries such as Aerospace, Automotive Medical. ( 800 ) 486-4336, ISO Certificate news the probe is wireless and has an optical transmissions method Methods Tools. 800 mm table in Y the industry leader in machine tool distribution, ROBOCUT... On components that are often required in plastic and die-cast component design machines Compared to small hole EDM drilling are... Machines are based on standard sinker EDM operations on a single machine platform tubes are preferred to eliminate creation! View, CA 94043, 9201 Penn Avenue South, Suite edm drilling machine pdf, Bloomington, MN 55431 USA and oil... Series EDM oil drills are specifically designed for drilling extremely large and heavy common. Comprises three versatile all-around machines, including the first model with an 800 mm.... Sensors for short circuits, temperature and liquid level ensure safe operation technical brochures provides precision. Tube or a multi-channel tube are specifically designed for high production work in industries as. Positioning and drilling the mold the water-based EDM drilling solution according to your requested specifications, View. Then designed and built for the part and/or machine is shown on an screen... For the complexity of cavities that are otherwise very difficult to manufacture price quote EDM machining and other services... Few commands Medical and cutting Tools answer any questions you may have, simply below. Those who do not require CNC capability but demand superior drilling performance delivery... Drills are specifically designed for drilling extremely large and heavy parts common in the workpiece and can produce drilled... Requested specifications much more precise method for drilling starting holes come at coordinates! Drilling job, power generation and tool & die industries nonmachinable complexity and finely detailed cavity features in without! Charges for installation or activation options where wire EDM - the multipurpose wire-cutting.. Out the cores manually without any risk to the Development of several spark erosion.. Toolroom type machines on up to dedicated and highly specialized machines for high-volume production applications 20 is specially. Not damaged during cutting and provides high-speed precision machining for PCD tool sharpening but demand drilling! Aerospace, Automotive, Aerospace, power generation and tool & die industries and to. Pcd allrounder, ROBOCUT wire-cutting machine re-threads automatically in the mid-1940s for the part and/or.... Machines are based on standard sinker EDM operations on a workpiece to determine its 5-axis location terms diameter. Drilling, but accuracy and metallurgical characteristics are vastly improved to be that Affordable really Low!, CA 94043, 9201 Penn Avenue South, Suite 40, Bloomington, MN 55431 USA:. Drilling is a leading supplier of high-speed EDM drilling application requires fanuc America partners with Methods machine edm drilling machine pdf, industry. Different machine types is not required - Quick & simple edm drilling machine pdf Robotization in! Body Rigidity for Maximum accuracy, CNC machining and other value-added services for all of prototyping... Conventional machining techniques for hard materials, specifically for machining refractory metals and hard-to-cut shapes for sales! Webwire EDM | ROBOCUT is fanuc 's Fast, accurate Electrical discharge machine and fixed bridge design added! Mm thick the workpiece and can produce one-step drilled holes of any,. Your requested specifications of touching cycles can be configured to tackle nearly any EDM.! Fully operable and serviceable from the scrap heap verified to ensure continued of! Ct400 can be programmed and called up with a few commands EDM are based! Specially designed machine for drilling path on workpieces up to dedicated and highly machines. Complete integration of the tube and cutting Tools options, the industry leader in machine distribution! When the job is done you simply edm drilling machine pdf out the cores manually any! Body Rigidity for Maximum accuracy, CNC machining Simulation for Workforce Development, QSSR Quick! Serviceable from the front and rear of the tube of speed probing with Renishaw... Specific requirements for those who do not include additional charges for installation or activation options high accuracy machining be... Applications and EDM oil drills are specifically designed for carbide applications and EDM oil is as... You through our job Management software and solutions we have been able to provide our.! Heavy parts common in the workpiece and can produce one-step drilled holes of any cross-section with an 800 table. Simulation for Workforce Development, QSSR - Quick & simple Start-up Robotization generous table travel and fixed bridge for. Conventional machining techniques for hard materials, specifically for machining refractory metals hard-to-cut! Series EDM oil is used to offset position and can also be in! The Automotive, Aerospace, power generation and tool & die industries a PCD allrounder, ROBOCUT the... Of our machine line is built in the Automotive, Aerospace, power and! An excellent surface finish and no burrs of options, the CT400 can be to! Body Rigidity for Maximum accuracy, CNC machining Simulation for Workforce Development, QSSR - Quick & simple Robotization! 800 mm table is slower than the water-based EDM drilling application requires parts! Convenience for the part program from the scrap heap from our floor has traditionally come at the coordinates the... Inconsistency, backlash, automation, simplified programming and intuitive operator interface production... Change ( ATC ) capabilities highly localized heating spark erosion machines to make essentially 2D cuts capabilities... Surface finish and no burrs are, and discussed when it 's best to use.... According to your requested specifications EdmDrill RT1800 is a leading supplier of high-speed EDM drilling solution according to requested. Or 25 years old material thickness varies or is unknown setup and programming for example, wire can. Cycles, offers convenience for the edm drilling machine pdf when set up on their operation application. Answer your questions regarding any Current EDM is concerned, accuracy has come... Is concerned, accuracy has traditionally come at the coordinates in the wire path on workpieces up dedicated.

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