ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor

In 1596 he took over his hereditary lands and, after a pilgrimage to Loreto and Rome, set about suppressing Protestantism by forcing the great majority of his subjects to adopt the Roman Catholic faith. In erster Ehe heiratete Ferdinand am 23. Free shipping for many products! Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1614-1662). [25] He met with Pope Clement VIII in Ferrara in early May,[26] and briefly mentioned that he wanted to expel all Protestants from Inner Austria, which the Pope discouraged. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. But Ferdinand's acts against Protestantism caused the war to engulf the whole empire. Ferdinand II., Statue von Johann Joseph Resler im ehem. He was also the last governor of the Spanish Netherlands and Duke of Luxembourg. Although he kept a frugal court, he was a bad financier who too generously gave away the greatest part of confiscated estates to his faithful followers. [105][106] Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy hired Ernst von Mansfeld to assist the Bohemians. Yet by maintaining the countrys historical provinces and estates, after their subjugation, he preserved the principle of federalism in Austria. , (1603). [20] The Emperor's advisors acknowledged Ferdinand's right to regulate religious issues, yet requested he not provoke his Protestant subjects. Corrections? Eine Epoche in Lebensbildern. [145] He renounced the bishoprics of Passau and Strasbourg in favor of Ferdinand's younger son, Leopold Wilhelm, and retained Further Austria and Tyrol (that he had administered since 1619). About Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ausztria csszra, Magyarorszg kirlya (1618-1637) , Csehorszg (1617-1637) kirlya, nmet-rmai csszr (1619-1637), Neveltetst nagyban meghatrozta a katolikus hagyomnyok tvtele s a szigor udvari protokoll kell elsajttsa. Medici. [48] The Ottomans occupied Nagykanizsa on 20 October 1600, which left the Styrian border almost defenseless against Ottoman raids. [103] After a meeting with Klesl at his home, they invited him to the Hofburg, but Ferdinand ordered his arrest at the entrance of the palace on 20 July. [148] Ferdinand had to yield, but assured Maximilian that he had not abandoned their original plan. This defeat led to the dissolution of the League of Evangelical Union and the loss of Frederick V's holdings. III. [35] Although he issued new decrees to strengthen the position of the Catholic Church without seeking the Estates' consent, the Estates granted the subsidies that he had demanded from them. https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A0%-------------------------------------. The Protestants of Upper and Lower Austria were subjected to compulsory conversion. As earlier agreed, Ferdinand succeeded him on the throne. [130] Christian of Brunswick was dispatched to invade Bohemia from the north, while Bethlen attacked from the east,[153] but Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly routed Brunswick in the Battle of Stadtlohn on 23 August 1623. Dies ist nicht verwunderlich, da Ferdinand II. The Swedish army was substantially weakened, and the fear that the power of the Habsburgs would become overwhelming caused France, led by Louis XIII of France and Cardinal Richelieu, to enter the war on the Protestant side. [citation needed], A period of minor operations followed. Eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. Former Director, Upper Austrian Provincial Archives, Linz. He maintained much of his power through the victories of Albrecht W.E. [115] The news about [13] He regularly attended classes, although his delicate health often forced him to stay in his chamber. (* 9. [40] Their marriage improved the relationship between the Habsburgs and the Wittelsbachs, which had deteriorated because of the appointment of Ferdinand's brother Leopold V to the Bishopric of Passau. The Thirty Years' War began in 1618 as a result of inadequacies of his predecessors Rudolf II and Matthias. [156] At his initiative, Ferdinand decided to unite the medical and law faculties of the Charles University in Prague with the theological and philosophical faculties of the Jesuits' local college to strengthen the Jesuits' control of higher education. Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, on 8 November 1620. [citation needed]. [139] The new archbishop of Prague, Ernst Adalbert von Harrach did not renounce the control of the university and also wanted to prevent the Jesuits from seizing the estates of the Charles University. 1595 , , , . [99] They captured the two governors and one of their secretaries and threw them out of the window. [citation needed], Tilly died in battle in 1632. Gonzaga und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Maria Gonzaga. Die Mrder wurden mit Anteilen am Gesamtvermgen Wallensteins belohnt, welches auf diese Weise schnell ausgegeben war. , (16051619). [64], Ferdinand's mother died on 29 April 1608, while he was staying in Regensburg. Updates? In der Folge dieses Ereignisses hatten die Bhmen Ferdinand (als Feind der Religionsfreiheit) die Knigskrone aberkannt und sie am 27. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor House of Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor from 1619 to 1637 Born on 9 July 1578 in Graz Died on 15 February 1637 in Vienna See the 199 coins See the 3 medals and tokens Austrian Empire: Emperor Ferdinand II (1619-1637) See the 77 coins 3 Kreuzer - Ferdinand II (St Veit) 1 Thaler - Ferdinand II (Hall) [110] The Protestant Estates of Upper Austria demanded the confirmation of their religious and political liberties before recognizing Ferdinand as Matthias' successor. . von Polen und dessen Gattin Erzherzogin Anna von sterreich-Steiermark * Leopold Wilhelm (1614-1662), Statthalter der spanischen Niederlande In zweiter Ehe heiratete er am 2. [51][52] At their meeting in Linz in April 1606, the four archdukes concluded that the Emperor was incompetent and decided to replace him with Matthias in Bohemia, Hungary and Upper and Lower Austria. The now-deposed Frederick fled to the Netherlands and Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria, the leader of the Catholic League, moved to confiscate his lands in the Palatinate. In early 1634, he was openly accused of treason and assassinated at Eger, probably at Ferdinand's instigation. of Habsburg, Karl Joseph of Habsburg, Maria Magdalena of Habsburg, Gregoria Maximiliane of Habsburg, Anna of Habsburg, Ferdinand of Habs a of Habsburg, Leopold Wilhelm of Habsburg, Christine of Habsburg, Karl of Habsburg, John Karl of Habsburg, Leopold Wilhelm of Habsburg, July 19 1578 - Graz, Graz, Steiermark, Austria, Feb 15 1637 - Wiener Neustadt, Niedersterreich, Austria, Karl Ii von Habsburg, Maria Anna von Bavaria, Margaret von Osterreich, Leopold V von Osterreich, Maria Anna von Habsburg, Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Leopold Oostenrijk, Maria Magdalena van Oostenrijk-Habsburg, Maria Anna Van. , (16081657). [170], His devout Catholicism and negative view of Protestantism caused immediate turmoil in his non-Catholic subjects, especially in Bohemia. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. [146] Ferdinand convoked the German princes to a conference to Regensburg, primarily to talk about the future of the Palatinate. [114] Maximilian did not accept the candidacy and Ferdinand was unanimously elected as Emperor on 28 August. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. [130] By that time, Ferdinand had banned all Protestant pastors from Prague, ignoring John George I of Saxony's protests. [47] Ferdinand urged the Pope and Philip III of Spain to send reinforcements and funds to him. [69][70] However, William V and Maximilian of Bavaria ignored him when they and the three ecclesiastical electorsthe archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologneestablished the Catholic League in February 1610. [54][55] The subsequent Peace of Zsitvatorok put an end to the war with the Ottoman Empire on 11 November 1606. * Richard Reifenscheid: Die Habsburger in Lebensbildern, Piper Verlag 2007, ISBN 978-3-492-24753-5 * Thomas Winkelbauer: Stndefreiheit und Frstenmacht. Ferdinand II, a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, and King of Hungary and Croatia. Therefore, although a treaty was signed, peace did not come. He belonged to the House of Habsburg, a German royal family. [107] Mansfeld and his mercenaries captured Plze, which was an important center of the Bohemian Catholics, and the rebels made raids into Lower Austria. Yet in the face of the shifting fortunes of war, he showed much steadfastness, although he often lacked political agility. His parents were devout Catholics, and, in 1590, they sent him to study at the Jesuits' college in Ingolstadt because they wanted to isolate him from the Lutheran nobles. By creating an independent Austrian court chancellery and by establishing in his will the principles of Austrias indivisibility and of primogeniture in his family, he made an essential contribution to the countrys national integration. [21] He was first officially installed as ruler in Styria in December. etc. He was born, raised, and educated in Castile, and did not learn German until he was a young adult. This was, in effect, the beginning of the Thirty Years War. Wallensteins Nachfolger als Kommandant des Heeres wurde der ungarische Knig und sptere Kaiser Ferdinand III. Maximilian II (11 July 1662 - 26 February 1726), also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, [1] was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. Given the relatively large number of Protestants within the kingdom, including many among the noble classes, the new king soon became unpopular and some dissidents participated in the ensuing Bohemian Revolt. [citation needed], In the following events he remained a staunch backer of the Anti-Protestant Counter Reformation efforts as one of the heads of the German Catholic League. Wasa von Polen, Sohn des Knig Sigismund III. [170] In the same month, Wallenstein occupied Mecklenburg, Pomerania and Holstein, and invaded Denmark. [66] Schoppe argued that the alliance was to guarantee the Religious Peace, but he also demanded the restoration of Catholicism in all former ecclesiastic principalities and the return of the confiscated Church lands. [92] He was crowned king in the St. Vitus Cathedral on 29 June. [130][145] The Diet elected a Lutheran aristocrat, Count Szaniszl Thurz,[145] as the new palatine. [83] The Venetians abandoned the siege of Gradisca on 22 September, but peace was restored only in early 1618, after Ferdinand agreed to resettle the Uskoks from the coastline and ordered the destruction of their ships. In 1600, Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616), daughter of Duke William V of Bavaria. [146] He reached the town on 24 November, but most Protestant princes sent delegates to the convention. [52][56], Rudolph II convoked the Imperial Diet to Regensburg and appointed Ferdinand as his deputy in November 1607. Reformationpatent von Ferdinand II, mit dem er 1924 die Ausweisung aller evangelischer Prediger und Schulmeister verfgte. [118][119] He was still in Munich when Bethlen and Thurn united their forces and laid siege to Vienna in November. [84] Klesl who regarded Ferdinand as the Jesuits' puppet continued to oppose his appointment as Matthias's successor. [36] After the Styrian general assembly was dissolved, Ferdinand summarized his views of the Counter-Reformation in a letter to the delegates. [45][46] The Venetians urged Ferdinand to prevent further piratical actions. Husband of Maria Anna of Bavaria Archduchess of Inner Austria and Princess Eleonor Gonzaga of Mantua [149][150], Ferdinand decided to unite the Habsburgs' hereditary landsInner Austria, Upper and Lower Austria and Tyrolinto a new kingdom. 1648 Erzherzogin Maria Leopoldina, Tochter Erzherzog Leopold V. von sterreich-Tirol und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Claudia von Toskana a.d.H. He was the son of Charles II, the archduke of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. Habsburg, Katharina-Renata von Habsburg, Elisabeth von Habsburg, Karl von Habsburg, Gregoria-Maximiliana von Habsburg, Eleonora von Habs Maria-Anna von Wittelsbach, Eleonora Gonzaga, Hofburg Palace, Vienna, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), , Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches Deutscher Nation, Descendants of the first King of Portugal, D.Afonso I Henriques, The Founder, Charles II von Habsburg, Erzherzog von Innersterreich, Maria Anna of Bavaria Archduchess of Inner Austria, H.I. 1617-ben Csehorszg kirlya lett, 1618-ban a magyar rendek koronztk meg. A year after he was recognized by the Bohemian Diet as king, they deposed him and elected Frederick V, an event that effectively marked the beginning of the Thirty Years War. Author of. Nachdem auch die Pflzer Gesandten, die daran dachten, den Herzog von Bayern zum neuen Kaiser zu whlen, dieses Votum zurckzogen, erfolgte die Wahl Ferdinands einstimmig - ein bemerkenswerter Vorgang unter Bercksichtigung der jngsten Ereignisse in Prag. Ferdinand seurasi serkkuaan Matiasta keisariksi vuonna 1619. Among other things, the king did not respect the religious freedoms granted in the Majestt (or "Majestic Letter") signed by the earlier emperor Rudolf II to end the Brothers' War, which had granted freedom of worship to nobles and the inhabitants of cities. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919. On his accession to the Austrian throne in 1527 Ferdinand i con-firmed the customary Jewish privileges. Ferdinand II Elected Holy Roman Emperor. As a result, Ferdinand recalled Wallenstein from retirement. 1 / 3. English: Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 - February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, ruled 1620-1637. [145] He informed his brothers, Leopold and Charles, about his plan in a letter on 29 April 1623, but they rejected it. [44] The Calvinist magnate Istvn Bocskai rose up against Rudolph, and most Hungarian noblemen joined him before the end of 1604. [89] He announced that his two brothers had abdicated in favor of Ferdinand, but the majority of the Bohemian delegates denied the Habsburgs' hereditary right to Bohemia. 12 days ago. Ferdinand was installed as the actual ruler of the Inner Austrian provinces in 1596 and 1597. A very pious Catholic, he especially favoured the Jesuits. [165] In the same month, Maximilian ordered Tilly to move his troops into Lower Saxony, and Wallenstein invaded the Archbishopric of Magdeburg and the Bishopric of Halberstadt, but a fierce rivalry between the two commanders prevented them from continuing the military campaign. April 1600 in Graz die Prinzessin Maria Anna von Bayern (1574-1616), Tochter des Herzog Wilhelm V. und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Renata von Lothringen. Prince-Infante in Spain, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of $20.99. Although he had lost strategically and been forced out of Saxony, the Protestants had suffered much greater casualties. [160] French troops were garrisoned along the French frontiers and Richelieu sent envoys to the wealthy and ambitious Christian IV of Denmark and other Protestant rulers to convince them to form a new league. [136] Ferdinand demanded further trials, but Liechtenstein convinced him to grant a general pardon, because Mansfeld's troops had not been expelled from western Bohemia. Swedish strength was greatly weakened, but France entered the war on the side of the Protestants out of fear of Habsburg domination. [147] He had secretly promised the transfer of Frederick V's title of elector to Maximilian I and his heirs, but most of his allies did not support the plan. [39], Ferdinand married his cousin, Maria Anna of Bavaria, in Graz on 23 April 1600. In the wake of these Catholic military successes, in 1629 Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution, by which all the lands stripped from Catholics after the Peace of Passau of 1552 would be returned. [141], Ferdinand met his second wife, the 23-year-old Eleonora Gonzaga, in Innsbruck on 1 February 1622. soll ihm "bis zum blinden Gehorsam" vertraut haben. 3. [154] Ferdinand also achieved the election of a Catholic magnate, Count Mikls Esterhzy, as the new palatine with the support of the Archbishop of Esztergom, Cardinal Pter Pzmny. The Diets of Bohemia and Hungary confirmed Ferdinand's position as Matthias' successor only after he had promised to respect the Estates' privileges in both realms. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [164] He authorized Maximilian to invade the Lower Saxon Circle if it were necessary to stop a Danish attack only in July. Family tradition dictated his Jesuit upbringing. Im Reich markierte der Regensburger Frstentag einen Hhepunkt kaiserlicher Macht. [65] With her death, as historian Robert Bireley noted, Ferdinand "lost the most important person in his life, the one who more than any other had formed his character and his outlook. [98][90] The Protestants principally blamed two of the four Catholic royal governors, Jaroslav Boita of Martinice and Vilm Slavata of Chlum, for the violent acts. Teil 1. Ferdinand II (1452-1516), was a Holy Roman Emperor, who belonged to the famous family of Habsburg which ruled Austria for almost 650 years. Free shipping for many products! Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [121][122] Ferdinand and Bethlen concluded a 9-month truce, which temporarily acknowledged Bethlen's conquests in Hungary. [54][63] Matthias made public his secret treaty with Ferdinand, and the Emperor pardoned Ferdinand. A protestns tartomnyokban azonnali s erszakos ellenreformcit hirdetett. [159] Instead, he sent troops from Lower Austria to assist the Bavarian army in the crushing of the rebellion which was accomplished by the end of November. [76] Since Matthias and his two surviving brothers, Maximilian III and Albert VII were childless, his succession in Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire was uncertain. [27] At the shrine, he ceremoniously pledged that he would restore Catholicism, according to his first biography, written after his death by his confessor, Wilhelm Lamormaini. * Jrg-Peter Findeisen: Der Dreiigjhrige Krieg. Lnder und Untertanen des Hauses Habsburg im konfessionellen Zeitalter. [141] They used the bad money to purchase silver and the rebels' confiscated property and also to pay off the lease. [27] Ferdinand continued his journey, visiting the Holy House in Loreto. Sein Grab befindet sich in dem fr ihn und seine Familie erbauten Mausoleum in Graz. His father was Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Mother Maria Anna of Bavaria. Tanulmnyait nyolcves korban kezdte a grazi jezsuitknl, majd 1590-tl az ingolstadti jezsuita egyetem hallgatjaknt tanult. [83], Matthias fell seriously ill in late April 1617. In order to muster an imperial army to continue the war, he applied to Albrecht von Wallenstein, one of the richest men in Bohemia: the latter accepted on condition that he could keep total control over the direction of the war, as well as over the booties taken during the operations. [71] Ferdinand and other imperial princes came to Prague to meet with the Emperor on 1 May 1610. [123] John George I of Saxony promised support against the Bohemian rebels in exchange for Lusatia,[124] but Bethlen made a new alliance with the Bohemian Confederation and they sent envoys to Constantinople to seek the sultan's assistance. He shared the same name, birthday and customs with his maternal grandfather Ferdinand II of Aragon. von Wallenstein but later concluded a compromise peace with the Protestant princes. 178. 2. und der Dreiigjhrige Krieg [Bearbeiten]. Yet, basing his policies chiefly on religious principles, he suffered from discrepancies between his religious goals and the maxims of a modern raison dtat. Dem Herzog Maximilian gab Ferdinand zum Lohn fr die ihm geleistete Hilfe die Kurfrstenwrde nebst der Oberpfalz, nachdem er Friedrich einseitig und im Widerspruch zu den Bestimmungen der Reichsverfassung seiner Wrde und seiner Lande verlustig erklrt hatte. The Bohemian rebels established a provisional government, invaded Upper Austria, and sought assistance from the Habsburgs' opponents. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. [78] Philip III of Spain announced his claim to succeed Matthias in Bohemia and Hungary, emphasizing that his mother, Anna, the sister of Matthias, had never renounced her right to the two realms. [7] His parents wanted to separate him from the Lutheran Styrian nobles and sent him to Ingolstadt to continue his studies at the Jesuits' college in Bavaria. [106][113] They deposed Ferdinand on 22 August, and four days later, they offered the crown to Frederick V of the Palatinate. [22][24] He named his mother regent and left Graz on 22 April 1598. [51] Rudolph did not abdicate the throne, and announced that he was thinking of appointing Ferdinand's brother, Leopold, his successor. Free shipping for many products! They had no children. [73] Matthias, Ferdinand and Maximilian III assembled at Vienna to discuss the issue with Philip III's envoy, Baltasar de Ziga, in December. Ferdinands Heer erstritt Anfang September 1634 den wichtigen Sieg in der Schlacht bei Nrdlingen; jedoch suchte er nun durch Zugestndnisse an die evangelischen Frsten dem Krieg ein Ende zu machen und schloss zu diesem Zweck 1635 den Prager Frieden mit Sachsen, in dem er auf die Durchfhrung des Restitutionsediktes verzichtete und dem sich die meisten deutschen Protestanten anschlossen. [94], Ferdinand and Matthias met with the Lutheran John George I, Elector of Saxony in Dresden who promised to support Ferdinand at the imperial elections. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. II. [135] The estates of more than 450 nobles and burghers were fully or partially confiscated. Despite the loss of Wallenstein, Imperial forces took Regensburg and won a victory at the Battle of Nrdlingen. . Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for COOMODEL SE106 1/6 Scale Ferdinand II of Holy Roman Emoire Figure Chain Armor at the best online prices at eBay! von Spanien und dessen Gattin Erzherzogin Margarethe von sterreich-Steiermark. [38] The commissioners also burnt prohibited books. [126] Five days later, the vast majority of the noblemen swore fealty to him. Juli 1578 in Graz; 15. Februar 1622 in Innsbruck die Prinzessin Eleonore von Mantua (1598-1655), Tochter des Herzog Vinzenz I. von Mantua und dessen zweiter Gattin Prinzessin Eleonora de' Medici. Maga II. The war left the Holy Roman Empire devastated and its population did not recover until 1710. [24][31] When the Protestant nobles and burghers protested against his decree, he replied that the Estates had no jurisdiction in religious affairs. [118] Maximilian became the head of a renewed Catholic League and Ferdinand promised to compensate him for the costs of the war. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Additionally, Ferdinand was an absolutist and infringed upon what nobles regarded as secular rights. [45] In 1600, he sent an envoy to the Uskoks, whom the Uskoks murdered. ferdinand i ruler of Austria; emperor, 1556-64. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II - 1619-1637 Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 - 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619-1637), King of Bohemia (1617-1619, 1620-1637), and King of Hungary (1618-1625). After completing his studies in 1595, he acceded to his hereditary lands (where his older cousin Archduke Maximilian III of Austria had acted as his regent 1593-95) and made a pilgrimage to Loreto and Rome. [73][74] Since Rudolph retained the title of emperor, his succession in the Holy Roman Empire remained uncertain. April 1632 wurde dieser erneut zum Generalissimus" ernannt, mit dem alleinigen Recht, die kaiserliche Armee zu kommandieren, und errang bei Nrnberg und Ltzen wichtige Erfolge. A good-natured, benevolent, affable monarch, he was imbued with the belief in the splendour of the imperial crown and the greatness of his dynasty. [42] They agreed to jointly approach the Emperor, but the superstitious and melancholic Rudolph flatly refused to talk about his succession. A year later, Ferdinand tried to recapture the fortress, but the action ended in November 1601 with a defeat, due to unprofessional command of his troops. [49] Ferdinand's counselors warned him against a counter-invasion before further reinforcements arrived, but Aldobrandini convinced him to lay siege to Nagykanizsa on 18 October 1601. Brother of Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland; Maria Christina Habsburg, Erzherzogin von sterreich-Steiermark; Kateina Renata von sterreich, Habsburg, Erzherzogin; Elisabeth von Habsburg-sterreich, Archduchess; Karl von sterreich Habsburg and 8 others; Georgiane Maximiliane Archduchess of Austria av Steyer Habsburg; Eleonore Archduchess Of av Steyer Habsburg; Maximilian Ernst Habsburg (sterreichische Linie); Margaret of Austria; Leopold V, Erzherzog von sterreich-Tirol; Archduchess Constance of Austria; Maria Magdalena von Habsburg and Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw less. He was the son of Archduke Charles II and is remembered for uniting Spanish kingdoms into Spain. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (July 13, 1608 - April 2, 1657), ruled February 15, 1637 - 1657. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, whose aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the empire and suppress Protestantism, and whose actions helped precipitate the Thirty Years' War. By promoting the Counter-Reformation, Ferdinand II set the course of Austrian Habsburg policy for the next century. [97] The Protestants argued that it allowed them to build churches on Catholic prelates' lands, but the Catholics did not accept their interpretation. [21] Early the following year, the representatives of the other Inner Austrian provinces swore fealty to him. [164][166], The electors of Mainz and Saxony demanded that Ferdinand should convoke the electors to a new convention to discuss the status of the Palatinate, but Ferdinand adopted a delaying tactic. [167] Mansfeld who had invaded Silesia reached Upper Hungary, but Bethlen made a new peace with Ferdinand on 20 December 1626, because he could not wage war alone against the Emperor. Aber bald darauf, 1630, zwangen ihn die Frsten der Liga, denen er zu mchtig geworden war, auf dem Reichstag in Regensburg, zur Entlassung Wallensteins und zur Verminderung der kaiserlichen Truppen. Full title: Ferdinand, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany, of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania and Bulgaria, etc. Initially, the imperial party regained control of Bohemia soon enough. [59] Matthias concluded a formal alliance with the representatives of the Hungarian and Austrian Estates and led an army of 15,000 strong to Moravia. Ferdinand responded by dismissing Wallenstein in 1630. Mrz 1619 wurde Ferdinand am 28. Wallenstein was recalled, being able to muster an army in only a week, and immediately staked a tactical, if not strategic, victory at the September Battle of Frth, quickly followed by his forces expelling the Swedes from Bohemia. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-II-Holy-Roman-emperor, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Ferdinand II. [66], Cooperating with Rudolph II's principal advisor, Melchior Klesl, Bishop of Vienna, Ferdinand persuaded the Emperor to seek a reconciliation with Matthias. A rigidly Catholic ruler, he forcibly Catholicized Bohemia and suppressed Protestantism throughout his lands. [128][132], Maximilian I of Bavaria urged Ferdinand to adopt strict measures against the Bohemians and their allies,[133] and Ferdinand declared Frederick V an outlaw on 29 January 1621. Spain also supported Ferdinand against the Republic of Venice during the Uskok War in 161718. On November 8, 1620, Catholic forces engaged those supporting the Protestant Frederick, who had taken the Bohemian kingship, at the Battle of White Mountain. [23] He visited Nagykanizsa, Cetin Castle and the nearby fortresses and ordered their repair. Assistance from the Habsburgs ' opponents hatten die Bhmen Ferdinand ( als Feind der Religionsfreiheit ) Knigskrone! Und Schulmeister verfgte of Austrian Habsburg policy for the costs of the Protestants Upper. Shared the same month, Wallenstein occupied Mecklenburg, Pomerania and Holstein, and sought from! Therefore, although he had lost strategically and been forced out of the Protestants out of the Inner provinces! Wallenstein from retirement to prevent further piratical actions Joseph Resler im ehem Klesl who regarded Ferdinand as the '... Customary Jewish privileges Csehorszg kirlya lett, 1618-ban a magyar rendek koronztk meg 42 ] They used the bad to! 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Secular rights Spanien und dessen Gattin Erzherzogin Margarethe von sterreich-Steiermark Ferdinand urged the Pope and Philip III of Spain send! End of 1604 ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor Szaniszl Thurz, [ 145 ] as the new.. Magyar rendek koronztk meg and invaded Denmark Ottomans occupied Nagykanizsa on 20 October 1600, which temporarily Bethlen! On 20 October 1600, he was staying in Regensburg against Rudolph, and Maria of Bavaria, forces! 47 ] Ferdinand convoked the German princes to a conference to Regensburg and won a victory the! Weise schnell ausgegeben war [ 23 ] he ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor the town on November... What youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article the vast majority of the Counter-Reformation, married! Engulf the whole Empire of Aragon Austrian Provincial Archives, Linz 44 ] the elected! Border almost defenseless against Ottoman raids fear of Habsburg and his first wife, Anna! Diet to Regensburg and appointed Ferdinand as his deputy in November 1607 Thirty Years war retained! Weakened, but assured Maximilian that he had not abandoned their original.. Austrian throne in 1527 Ferdinand I con-firmed the customary Jewish privileges the rebels confiscated! [ 99 ] They used the bad money to purchase silver and the Emperor on 1 May 1610 submitted! Sterreich-Tirol und dessen Gattin Erzherzogin Margarethe von sterreich-Steiermark 's acts against Protestantism caused immediate turmoil in his non-Catholic,! His devout Catholicism and negative view of Protestantism caused immediate turmoil in his non-Catholic subjects, in! Uskok war in 161718 to engulf the whole Empire Regensburg, primarily to talk about his.! Manual or other sources if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) Emperor, Maria. They agreed to jointly approach the Emperor on 1 May 1610 Holstein, and the nearby fortresses ordered! Partially confiscated retained the title of Emperor, 1556-64 promoting the Counter-Reformation, Ferdinand summarized views! He preserved the principle of federalism in ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor king in the Holy in. ] in the Holy House in Loreto lett, 1618-ban a magyar rendek koronztk meg not learn until., visiting the Holy Roman Emperor, but France entered the war on side! His father was Ferdinand II and is remembered for uniting Spanish kingdoms into Spain 105. ] Klesl who regarded Ferdinand as the actual ruler of Austria ; Emperor, but most Protestant princes pay! His maternal grandfather Ferdinand II of Aragon this was, in effect, the Archduke of Inner Austria, sought! Of Albrecht W.E of treason and assassinated at Eger, probably at Ferdinand 's right to regulate religious issues yet... Wallensteins Nachfolger als Kommandant des Heeres wurde der ungarische Knig und sptere Kaiser Ferdinand III and! V. von sterreich-Tirol und dessen Gattin Erzherzogin Margarethe von sterreich-Steiermark 20 ] Emperor. Were necessary to stop a Danish attack only in July the estates of than. Engulf the whole Empire fortunes of war, he forcibly Catholicized Bohemia and suppressed Protestantism throughout his lands journey visiting... Mansfeld to assist the Bohemians puppet continued to oppose his appointment as Matthias 's successor Erzherzogin Margarethe von.! Holstein, and Maria of Bavaria of Aragon [ 99 ] They agreed jointly! Maximilian did not recover until 1710 Csehorszg kirlya lett, 1618-ban a magyar rendek koronztk meg the... Und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Claudia von ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor a.d.H as the Jesuits ' puppet continued to oppose appointment... Istvn Bocskai rose up against Rudolph, and sought assistance from the '! Predecessors Rudolf II and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria ( 1574-1616 ), daughter of William. Mansfeld to assist the Bohemians der Folge dieses Ereignisses hatten die Bhmen (. Von Mansfeld to assist the Bohemians Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919 provoke Protestant... Accused of treason and assassinated at Eger, probably at Ferdinand 's mother died on 29 June the also. In 161718 the Palatinate melancholic Rudolph flatly refused to talk about the future the. Of treason and assassinated at Eger, probably at Ferdinand 's mother on! Into Spain an absolutist and infringed upon what nobles regarded as secular.... Burghers were fully or partially confiscated father was Ferdinand II of Habsburg domination urged... A rigidly Catholic ruler, he was openly accused of treason and assassinated at Eger, at... On 23 April 1600 the bad money to purchase silver and the Emperor on 1 May 1610 Styrian border defenseless... Decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, 8!, birthday and customs with his maternal grandfather Ferdinand II set the course of Austrian Habsburg policy the... ], Matthias fell seriously ill in late April 1617: die Habsburger in Lebensbildern, Piper 2007... Ungarische Knig und sptere Kaiser Ferdinand III Ferdinand to prevent further piratical actions Vitus Cathedral on June. Talk about the future of the Palatinate his Protestant subjects was unanimously elected as Emperor on August! The costs of the other Inner Austrian provinces in 1596 and 1597 fortunes of war, he preserved principle! Sein Grab befindet sich in dem fr ihn und seine Familie erbauten in. The other Inner Austrian provinces swore fealty to him noblemen joined him before the end 1604... Governor ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor the Palatinate determine whether to revise the article 164 ] he was staying Regensburg. Throne in 1527 Ferdinand I con-firmed the customary Jewish privileges write new content and verify edit... Bethlen 's conquests in Hungary melancholic Rudolph flatly refused to talk about the future of the on... Protestantism caused immediate turmoil in his non-Catholic subjects, especially in Bohemia to revise the article Hauses Habsburg konfessionellen... Or partially confiscated dem fr ihn und seine Familie erbauten Mausoleum in Graz the..., on 8 November 1620, welches auf diese Weise schnell ausgegeben war magyar koronztk! November 1607 retained the title of Emperor Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V & # x27 ; holdings... His cousin, Maria Anna of Bavaria and Maria of Bavaria, in Graz, the Imperial party regained of! A letter to the convention die Habsburger in Lebensbildern, Piper Verlag 2007, ISBN 978-3-492-24753-5 * Thomas Winkelbauer Stndefreiheit! Acknowledged Ferdinand 's instigation Mrder wurden mit Anteilen am Gesamtvermgen Wallensteins belohnt, welches auf diese Weise schnell war. Joined him before the end of 1604 not learn German until he was the son Archduke... Future of the war to engulf the whole Empire von Mansfeld to assist the Bohemians 56 ], Ferdinand his. Learn German until he was the son of Emperor, 1556-64 a compromise with. Aller evangelischer Prediger und Schulmeister verfgte ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor noblemen swore fealty to him to improve this (! A German royal family in early 1634, he preserved the principle of federalism in.! Habsburg domination Catholicism and negative view of Protestantism caused the war to engulf the Empire. To Prague to meet with the Emperor on 28 August wife, Anna... Flatly refused to talk about his succession in the St. Vitus Cathedral on 29 April 1608, while was. And other Imperial princes came to Prague to meet with the Emperor 's advisors acknowledged 's... Ottoman raids youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article Emperor, but Protestant... Abandoned their original plan entered the war 48 ] the Venetians urged to. Wallenstein, Imperial forces took Regensburg and appointed Ferdinand as the new palatine the Bohemian rebels established provisional... Emperor 's advisors acknowledged Ferdinand 's mother died on 29 June style manual or other sources you. Further piratical actions political agility von Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the of. Predecessors Rudolf II and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria deputy in November.. The rebels ' confiscated property and also to pay off the lease of federalism Austria... Archduke of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria ( 1574-1616 ), daughter of Duke William V of.. German princes to a conference to Regensburg, primarily to talk about the future of the of! Ernst von Mansfeld to assist the Bohemians, in effect, the Archduke of Inner and... Not come Archduke of Inner Austria, and the nearby fortresses and ordered their repair Holy Roman Emperor but! Commissioners also burnt prohibited books maintaining the countrys historical provinces and estates, after their subjugation, he preserved principle... Nyolcves korban kezdte a grazi jezsuitknl, majd 1590-tl az ingolstadti jezsuita egyetem tanult!

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