At high rates of nitrogen, orchardgrass is among the most productive of the cool-season grasses in Pennsylvania. Copyright for this work is retained by the student. Cut rates by 5-10 lbs per acre if in mixes. Timothy is grown primarily as hay for horses but is frequently included in pasture mixtures. Several research studies have demonstrated higher animal intake and better animal performance from orchardgrass pasture as compared with tall fescue pasture, especially during spring and early summer. Department of Crop and Soil Science In the vegetative phase, shoots consist predominantly of leaf blades. Freezing temperatures may damage orchardgrass in the young seedling stage. Conception rate of the cows was 18 percentage points higher on the orchardgrass pastures. The goal of this AFGC-sponsored project is to develop a standard grass variety maturity rating scale, similar to the fall dormancy rating system with alfalfa. Some of these varieties may be very well adapted to Missouri. The intermediate to late heading varieties in HLR are ideal for planting with alfalfa. A failure may occur due to drought and hot conditions before establishment if seeded after the spring moisture period is well advanced. 0000016746 00000 n 0000074971 00000 n It also regrows quickly after harvest, making it well suited for seeding with frequently harvested alfalfa. Toll Free: 1-800-910-4101 to place an order. Pull a cultipacker or light roller over the field to give good seed-to-soil contact and promote more vigorous seedling growth. Home One undesirable trait is that forage quality of spring growth declines rapidly as maturity increases. Data fromMU showed that when the stem rust pathogen is present, orchardgrass stands are severely depleted during late July and throughout the month of August. 0000002604 00000 n Leave some of the plants to form mature seed heads and allow them to reseed for a consistent supply of the plants. to late heading to maximize protein and relative feed value. Good seed yields should be expected when farmers apply fertilizer according to soil test recommendations. With the development of more disease-resistant varieties to help maintain longer-lived stands, orchardgrass can take its place as one of the important cool-season grasses in Missouri. In the absence of a soil test, 80 to 120 pounds N plus 40 to 60 pounds P2O5 plus 100 to 140 pounds K2O should be used. 0000074829 00000 n In addition to high yield, Athos is noted for having good fall growth, which translates into an even yield distribution over the entire growing season. It is a cool-season, perennial bunching grass. Sign up to receive emails regarding upcoming sales, promotions, price change alerts, and much more! When grown under irrigation or in more moist situations, it attains a height of 24-28 inches. orchard grass is that it heads out extremely early and immediately loses all palatability. Amendment with organic fertilizers rich in nitrogen is recommended. trailer <]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 15 0 obj<>stream This is because of timothy's limited storage of energy reserves in the corms, its production of few basal leaves to support regrowth after harvest, and its upright growth habit, which is generally dominated by a single stem. I buy locally grown orchard grass hay. In a similar study involving cow/calf pairs, calves gained 1.80 pounds per day on orchardgrass and 1.51 pounds per day on fescue. Leaf growth often occurs in early May in southern Iowa and by mid-May in northern Iowa. The best way Production and cutting frequency are greatly affected by soil moisture, soil temperature, soil fertility, and disease incidence. That means that summer productivity is less than in spring and fall. Mixtures of orchardgrass alfalfa will remove about 10 to 12 pounds of P2O5 and 35 to 45 pounds of K2O for each ton of forage. We use Old Dominion or UPS for all deliveries. Graduate Studies This variety has abundant, broad, well distributed and noticeably light green leaves. Each variety is being evaluated for maturity using a standardized protocol at company research stations in Oregon, Iowa, and Kentucky. 0000074186 00000 n There are some varietal variations but, in general, orchardgrass matures about one week earlier than tall fescue and about two weeks before smooth bromegrass. The production of orchardgrass seed has not been a big business in Missouri. . Orchardgrass is one of the earliest species to grow in the spring, making tremendous growth during cool conditions. Orchardgrass competes vigorously with alfalfa for potassium, potentially reducing the yield and persistence of alfalfa. You may wait until October or November is you live in warmer climates. Heide, O.M. If the grass is to be grazed, grazing can start in early spring until summer but late-season grazing should be discouraged. Do not sow if pH is not 6.2 or higher. suggest a late heading orchard grass as the grass component and a long-lived legume like White Clover and your mix is actually ready. Latar Orchardgrass is a late maturing, hay-type orchardgrass. Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass, is commonly grown with perennial forages such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). HLR Orchardgrass is ideally suited to the northern and central regions of the United States. Fields should be grazed heavily and frequently (every 10 to 12 days) during the flush growth of spring, but overgrazing should be avoided. However, most common varieties of orchard grass are very early heading and prone to disease, such as rust, which reduces the palatability of the hay. Most of the late maturing varieties of orchardgrass originate in Europe, and Athos is no exception. Qty: Description Planted Rate 10 - 20 Lbs. Within a few days, individual florets within the seedhead are ready for either self-pollination or cross pollination depending on the species. It heads out 2+ weeks later than "native" orchard grass. 1993 to document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) Curators of the University of Missouri, all rights reserved, DMCA and other copyright information. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. It is one part of the reproductive phase. Though many popular orchardgrass varieties are early maturing, producing seedheads before alfalfa reaches the late-bud stage. Three years of grazing studies have documented that rust-infected orchardgrass varieties gave 0.2 to 0.3 pounds per day less average daily gains than varieties having little or no infection. Orchard grass is sensitive to nutrient deficiencies, especially nitrogen. Other consistently late-maturing varieties included Dascada, Excellate SA, and Harvestar. Some varieties were early maturing in one state Potomac in Virginia, but then late maturing in another state Potomac in Pennsylvania. To help avoid uneven stands, drive the equipment close enough to overlap the previous spread pattern to ensure even seed distribution. With the release of a more persistent, better performing variety, some Missouri farmers may be interested in seed production. Our Price: $ 230.95. 8\lR1bgm!Wz1H2H}-YFFc U:@ 1F3}H8A1? Management: Warrior II should be grazed when 4-5 inches in height or harvested for hay prior to late heading to maximize protein and relative feed value. A clean, firm seedbed is important to help plants make a more vigorous early growth and resist winter heaving. per Acre. May or June harvest. The orchard grass should stand out pretty well due to its lighter green color and if not well-established it should pull out by hand pretty easily. Some late-heading varieties develop seed stems more than two weeks later. At first glance (Table 1), you may notice that some varieties are consistently later maturing than others. Your payment information is processed securely. In addition, orchard grass seed are grown for commercial forage production and often are found as a contaminate in turf-type tall fescue seed due to . Leaves are broadly tapered to a point and the base is v-shaped. [CDATA[ It is not as persistent as tall fescue. 0000092246 00000 n Orchardgrass is a versatile grass and can be used for pasture, hay, green chop, or silage. 0000090017 00000 n Growing best in temperatures of 55 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit, cool season grasses go dormant when temperatures reach 90 to 95. Heading occurs during late May or early June, about a week later than common timothy. Flowering heads are occasionally produced in the summer aftermath growth, in contrast to most perennial cool-season grasses, which produce seed heads only during the spring growth. 2023 Gardening Know How, Future US LLC, Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036. Rotational grazing is preferred for best production, persistence, and quality. %PDF-1.5 Timothy stores energy reserves for regrowth and tillering in its haplocorm or corm (enlarged bulbous structure) at the stem base. By taking bare soil into the Winter months, you are all set to broadcast 5-10#s (5-6 for bedding, 8-10#s for screening), onto the frozen ground in January or February. ]TP, TB_ m!@r. Disadvantages. > Nitrogen fertilization results in greater leaf area, leaf size, tillering, and crude protein content. 0000075039 00000 n Dactylis glomerata L., Orchardgrass, is a persistent, cool season bunchgrass. For quantities over 500 lbs. Lateness: Intermediate. 0000065579 00000 n Orchardgrass can be planted either in early spring or late summer depending on the area of the country. Later has a heading date more similar to alfalfa and used in many mixes. Latar Orchardgrass is an excellent choice for . Cocksfoot/Orchard grass Disease resistant late heading & highly productive! Tennessee. Timothy will tolerate moderately continuous grazing, but rotational grazing with a minimum recovery period of 3 weeks will improve production and persistence. 109 Crop Science Building Grass planted for erosion control is seeded or drilled in late summer to early autumn but that established for forage is plantedin late winter to early spring. Under dry land conditions, orchardgrass should not be grazed until late summer or fall of the second growing season. For increased palatability, cut at the heading out stage. North Missouri yields may reach 3 to 4 tons per acre due to better moisture-holding ability of soils and slightly lower temperatures. If I have to make a choice between possibly not getting any hay or worrying about high NSC, my first priority is making sure there is hay in the barn. In addition, these varieties are often less clumpy, which is another desirable improvement. Join our email list to receive a free hat, discount opportunities, and exclusive insight into upcoming promotions and price increases. Under dry land conditions, it usually develops distinct clumps and flower culms 15 to 18 inches tall. With 2 locations to serve you, most products are delivered within 4 days! As you can see in Olsons most recent orchardgrass variety test report (Table 2), varieties are rated for maturity at the first harvest each year. Be sure and check out under the "community" heading the NEW state of Tennessee Group and sign . As a general rule, you can cut cool-season grass to a height of 2.5 inches in the fall. It establishes more easily than bromegrass or timothy when seeded with other species. Amba Orchardgrass. other leaf diseases. What is orchardgrass? It is easily weakened by frequent cutting or grazing. 3 0 obj Our Orchardgrass is a superior yield and late-maturing grass perfect for alfalfa or red clover mixes. In addition, harvesting at early heading reduces yields and persistence, compared with harvesting at either early or late bloom (Table 3). Timothy requires a high level of fertility for maximum production. 0000002996 00000 n Forage Information System During the transition phase, leaf sheaths begin to elongate, raising the meristematic collar zone to a grazable height. However, this late fall growth will be less acceptable to cattle than tall fescue. I always bushogged it about 6 inches tall and it had a lot of red clover mixed in. Recent evidence from MU's orchardgrass breeding program showed that the presence of rust on leaves lowered animal digestibility of the forage. It grows on a wide range of soil types, doing well in low-fertility soils, but also responding well to high-fertility soils. Cultipack after seeding with grain drills not equipped with press wheels or broadcast seeding to ensure good seed-soil contact and hasten germination and emergence. Use no more than 60% of the annual growth during the winter season or 50% during the growing season. The goal is to take first cutting when alfalfa is at the late-bud stage and orchardgrass is at the boot stage. H\0FXlKi!4Jq.UtH`Ka&y~QylaQ~ps!!+vyPme pJ?29]~g'BU19c/.>Kp6p The result is a stand that is dominated by the clover, eventually producing a pasture or hayfield that has a poor stand of grass. Athos ranked number one in yield in the official NIAB forage grazing trials in the UK. The "Urban People" of ION Orchard. Description. The goal is to take first cutting when alfalfa is at the late-bud stage and orchardgrass is at the boot stage. The late-heading Baraula is so far the clear winner at my farm. It is typically used as a type of grazing or forage grass in pastures but it can be a weed in turf. The mid-late heading is an advantage in spring when conditions are too humid for optimal conservation. Orchardgrass is one of the best forage grasses available on the market. 0000074430 00000 n Orchardgrass performs best in a pH range of 5.8-7.0. Late heading/maturity type. Palatability, as measured by grazing preference, was higher for orchardgrass than either tall fescue, bromegrass, or bluegrass. Persist Orchard Grass Seed - (Certified Seed): Persist Orchard Grass Seed is a six clone synthetic originating from a seed collection made from 6 - year old or older stands throughout Tennessee. Orchardgrass responds well to nitrogen fertilization and is very compatible with legumes in a mixture. 0000068360 00000 n It is more heat and drought tolerant than most cool season grasses, and thus produces more feed during the summer. Prepared by Marvin H. Hall, associate professor of agronomy. Grass stands harvested at the boot stage (before seedhead emergence) will have increased yield over vegetative stands, but the quality is lower. Orchardgrass does not exhibit as much tolerance to drought or winter hardiness as tall fescue and bromegrass. It will generally persist longer than the other cool-season grasses in frequently cut, properly managed, alfalfa mixtures. Forage researchers and several Missouri farmers have observed less damage to plants from summer heat and drought when the first harvest is made early and plants have time to re-grow before the stress. The latest-maturing varieties were Inavale, Treposno, Lyra, and Profit the first spring, and all but Profit were late maturing the second spring. Listed/recommended in . It really shines in its ability to produce late season growth. 0000003949 00000 n Potassium fertility is especially important when orchardgrass is grown with alfalfa and should not be allowed to become limiting. Seed production is good. To develop our breeding population three genetically diverse forage orchardgrass types were selected to intercross: UT-101, cv. A pasture mixture that has performed well in Pennsylvania is 8 lb of Kentucky bluegrass plus 4 lb each of smooth bromegrass and timothy and 1 lb of white clover. JSea{.ccu_/ 4 0 obj Where each variety ranked for maturity varied from state to state. 0000037092 00000 n In response to critical temperature regimes, daylengths, and necessary leaf blade area for sensing these climatic variables, the apical meristem is gradually converted from a vegetative bud to a floral bud. In terms of the type of grass they consume, sheep prefer long-established grasses like orchard grass, bluegrass, or timothy, legumes like legumes, and cover crops like Italian ryegrass. Later is a fantastic choice for pasture, hay, silage, or greenchop. of annual precipitation. Orchardgrass is not as winter hardy as Smooth Brome or Timothy, but Orchardgrass performs well on different textured soils ranging from clay to gravelly loams, and on shallow to deep soils. Split applications of 100-150 lb N per acre annually will generally produce yield increases of 1 to 1.5 tons per acre. Initial flowering in the spring does not usually occur until late May in southern Pennsylvania and June in northern Pennsylvania and New York, depending on the variety and location in the state. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Late heading orchard grass, white and red clover as well as birdsfoot trefoil were chosen. <>/PageLabels 168 0 R>> <> 0000063429 00000 n For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. . The varieties were specifically chosen to include the full range of maturity from very late to very early (1 = late maturing and 4 = early maturing). 13 0 obj <> endobj xref 13 69 0000000016 00000 n Echelon Organic $ 6.97 per lb Total (50 lbs): $ 348.50. A small grain and field pea companion crop may provide too much competition when establishing an alfalfa-timothy mixture. The fertility requirement for phosphorous and potassium is moderate to high. Plant Physiol. 8604. In an effort to bring more consistency to grass maturity ratings in the U.S., the American Forage and Grassland Council (AFGC) has recently appointed a Cool Season Grass Maturity Committee. Timothy is popular in the northern half of Pennsylvania and most of New York State because of its natural adaptation to moist, cool environments. 0000063361 00000 n vr&Q3$4! 0000008893 00000 n When using the heavier rates of N, apply 65 to 70 percent of the N with the winter application. stream A preferred mixture in many high-value hay markets is alfalfa-orchardgrass, especially with horse customers. This will usually include 60 to 80 pounds N applied in December or January. Orchardgrass is suited for light to medium soils with good drainage. Not a subscriber? When soils are extremely low in phosphorus (10 pounds P or less), it is a good practice to apply and incorporate the major portion of recommended phosphorus, then apply some as a starter. Orchardgrass varieties are tested in either an early or late harvesting system. 2; 0000016814 00000 n Harvesting at a height of four inches will help maintain strong root reserves, leading to fast recovery of re-growth and better stand persistence. 0000092756 00000 n DLF Echelon Orchardgrass Seed from DLF is very winter hardy and extremely late heading-its a huge yielder.
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